What Can Be An Emotional Support Animal

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Service Animals and Emotional Support Animals

Where are they allowed and under what conditions?

 Jacquie Brennan
Vinh Nguyen (Ed.)
Southwest ADA Centre
A program of ILRU at TIRR Memorial Hermann

Foreword

This manual is dedicated to the retentiveness of Pax, a devoted guide domestic dog, and to all the handler and dog teams working together beyond the nation. Guide dogs make it possible for their handlers to travel safely with independence, freedom and nobility.

Pax guided his handler faithfully for over 10 years. Together they negotiated endless busy intersections and safely traveled the streets of many cities, large and small. His skillful guiding kept his handler from injury on more than one occasion. He accompanied his handler to business meetings, restaurants, theaters, and social functions where he conducted himself every bit would any highly-trained guide canis familiaris. Pax was a seasoned traveler and was the first dog to fly in the cabin of a domestic aircraft to Great britain, a country that had previously barred service animals without extended quarantine.

Pax was born in the kennels of The Seeing Eye in the cute Washington Valley of New Jersey in March 2000. He lived with a puppy-raiser family unit for almost a yr where he learned bones obedience and was exposed to the sights and sounds of customs life—the same experiences he would presently face up as a guide dog. He then went through 4 months of intensive training where he learned how to guide and ensure the safety of the person with whom he would be matched. In November 2001 he was matched with his handler and they worked as a team until Pax's retirement in January 2012, later on a long and successful career. Pax retired with his handler's family unit, where he lived with two other dogs. His life was total of play, long naps, and recreational walks until his death in January 2014.

Information technology is the sincere hope of Pax's handler that this guide will exist useful in improving the understanding almost service animals, their purpose and part, their all-encompassing preparation, and the rights of their handlers to travel freely and to experience the same admission to employment, public accommodations, transportation, and services that others take for granted.

I.  Introduction

Individuals with disabilities may use service animals and emotional support animals for a variety of reasons. This guide provides an overview of how major Federal civil rights laws govern the rights of a person requiring a service animal. These laws, every bit well equally instructions on how to file a complaint, are listed in the final department of this publication. Many states also have laws that provide a different definition of service beast. Y'all should check your state's law and follow the law that offers the most protection for service animals.  The document discusses service animals in a number of different settings as the rules and allowances related to access with service animals will vary according to the law applied and the setting.

Two. Service Animal Divers by Title II and Championship III of the ADA

A service animal means whatsoever dog that is individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the do good of an individual with a disability, including a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability. Tasks performed can include, among other things, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving dropped items, alerting a person to a audio, reminding a person to accept medication, or pressing an elevator button.

Emotional support animals, comfort animals, and therapy dogs are not service animals under Title II and Title Iii of the ADA. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or untrained, are non considered service animals either. The work or tasks performed by a service animal must be direct related to the private's inability. Information technology does not matter if a person has a note from a physician that states that the person has a disability and needs to have the beast for emotional support. A doctor's letter does not turn an animal into a service beast.

Examples of animals that fit the ADA'southward definition of "service animal" because they have been specifically trained to perform a job for the person with a disability:

· Guide Dog or Seeing Center® Dog¹ is a carefully trained dog that serves as a travel tool for persons who accept astringent visual impairments or are bullheaded.

· Hearing or Signal Dog is a dog that has been trained to alert a person who has a significant hearing loss or is deaf when a sound occurs, such every bit a knock on the door.

· Psychiatric Service Dog is a dog that has been trained to perform tasks that assist individuals with disabilities to notice the onset of psychiatric episodes and lessen their effects. Tasks performed by psychiatric service animals may include reminding the handler to take medicine, providing condom checks or room searches, or turning on lights for persons with Mail Traumatic Stress Disorder, interrupting self-mutilation by persons with dissociative identity disorders, and keeping disoriented individuals from danger.

· SSigDOG (sensory betoken dogs or social indicate dog) is a domestic dog trained to assist a person with autism. The dog alerts the handler to distracting repetitive movements common among those with autism, allowing the person to stop the motion (e.g., hand flapping).

· Seizure Response Domestic dog is a dog trained to assist a person with a seizure disorder. How the canis familiaris serves the person depends on the person's needs. The domestic dog may stand guard over the person during a seizure or the canis familiaris may get for help. A few dogs have learned to predict a seizure and warn the person in advance to sit down down or move to a safe place.

Nether Title II and Three of the ADA, service animals are limited to dogs. However, entities must make reasonable modifications in policies to permit individuals with disabilities to employ miniature horses if they have been individually trained to exercise work or perform tasks for individuals with disabilities.

III. Other Back up or Therapy Animals

While Emotional Support Animals or Comfort Animals are often used as part of a medical treatment plan as therapy animals, they are not considered service animals under the ADA. These support animals provide companionship, salve loneliness, and sometimes help with depression, anxiety, and certain phobias, merely exercise not take special training to perform tasks that assist people with disabilities. Even though some states have laws defining therapy animals, these animals are non limited to working with people with disabilities and therefore are not covered by federal laws protecting the use of service animals.  Therapy animals provide people with therapeutic contact, normally in a clinical setting, to meliorate their physical, social, emotional, and/or cerebral functioning.

Four. Handler's Responsibilities

The handler is responsible for the care and supervision of his or her service beast. If a service animal behaves in an unacceptable fashion and the person with a disability does not command the animal, a business or other entity does non accept to allow the animate being onto its bounds. Uncontrolled barking, jumping on other people, or running away from the handler are examples of unacceptable beliefs for a service animal. A business has the right to deny access to a canis familiaris that disrupts their business organisation. For example, a service domestic dog that barks repeatedly and disrupts another patron's enjoyment of a picture could be asked to leave the theater. Businesses, public programs, and transportation providers may exclude a service animal when the animal's behavior poses a direct threat to the health or safety of others. If a service animal is growling at other shoppers at a grocery shop, the handler may be asked to remove the animate being.

· The ADA requires the animal to be under the control of the handler.  This tin occur using a harness, leash, or other tether.  Nevertheless, in cases where either the handler is unable to concord a tether considering of a disability or its use would interfere with the service animal'south safe, effective performance of piece of work or tasks, the service beast must exist nether the handler's control past some other ways, such as voice control.²

· The animal must be housebroken.³

· The ADA does not crave covered entities to provide for the care or supervision of a service animal, including cleaning upward after the animal.

· The creature should be vaccinated in accordance with country and local laws.

· An entity may also assess the type, size, and weight of a miniature horse in determining whether or non the horse volition be allowed access to the facility.

V. Handler's Rights

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Titles II and Three of the ADA makes it clear that service animals are allowed in public facilities and accommodations. A service animal must be allowed to back-trail the handler to any place in the building or facility where members of the public, program participants, customers, or clients are allowed. Fifty-fifty if the concern or public program has a "no pets" policy, it may non deny entry to a person with a service beast. Service animals are not pets. And then, although a "no pets" policy is perfectly legal, it does non allow a business to exclude service animals.

When a person with a service brute enters a public facility or place of public accommodation, the person cannot be asked well-nigh the nature or extent of his disability. Only ii questions may exist asked:

1. Is the animal required because of a disability?

2. What piece of work or task has the animal been trained to perform?

These questions should not exist asked, nonetheless, if the animal's service tasks are obvious. For example, the questions may non be asked if the dog is observed guiding an private who is blind or has low vision, pulling a person'due south wheelchair, or providing assistance with stability or balance to an individual with an observable mobility disability.^iv

A public accommodation or facility is not allowed to enquire for documentation or proof that the fauna has been certified, trained, or licensed as a service beast. Local laws that prohibit specific breeds of dogs do not use to service animals.^v

A place of public accommodation or public entity may not ask an individual with a disability to pay a surcharge, fifty-fifty if people accompanied by pets are required to pay fees. Entities cannot require anything of people with service animals that they practise not require of individuals in full general, with or without pets. If a public accommodation ordinarily charges individuals for the damage they cause, an individual with a disability may be charged for impairment caused by his or her service fauna.⁶

b) Employment

Laws prohibit employment bigotry considering of a inability. Employers are required to provide reasonable accommodation. Allowing an individual with a disability to have a service animate being or an emotional support animal accompany them to work may be considered an adaptation. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which enforces the employment provisions of the ADA (Title I), does not have a specific regulation on service animals.⁷ In the case of a service animal or an emotional support brute, if the disability is not obvious and/or the reason the animate being is needed is not articulate, an employer may request documentation to establish the existence of a inability and how the animal helps the individual perform his or her task.

Documentation might include a detailed description of how the animal would help the employee in performing job tasks and how the brute is trained to behave in the workplace.  A person seeking such an adaptation may advise that the employer permit the brute to accompany them to work on a trial basis.

Both service and emotional support animals may be excluded from the workplace if they pose either an undue hardship or a directly threat in the workplace.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Human activity (FHA) protects a person with a inability from discrimination in obtaining housing. Under this police force, a landlord or homeowner'due south association must provide reasonable adaptation to people with disabilities so that they take an equal opportunity to savor and use a abode.^viii Emotional back up animals that do not authorize as service animals under the ADA may notwithstanding qualify equally reasonable accommodations nether the FHA.^nine In cases when a person with a inability uses a service animal or an emotional support animate being, a reasonable accommodation may include waiving a no-pet dominion or a pet deposit.¹⁰ This fauna is not considered a pet.

A landlord or homeowner's clan may not enquire a housing applicant near the existence, nature, and extent of his or her disability. However, an individual with a disability who requests a reasonable accommodation may be asked to provide documentation so that the landlord or homeowner'due south clan can properly review the accommodation request.¹¹ They tin ask a person to certify, in writing, (1) that the tenant or a member of his or her family is a person with a disability; (2) the need for the fauna to assist the person with that specific disability; and (3) that the animate being actually assists the person with a inability.  Information technology is important to keep in mind that the ADA may utilise in the housing context equally well, for example with pupil housing. Where the ADA applies, requiring documentation or certification would not be permitted with regard to an fauna that qualifies as a "service animal."

d) Education

Service animals in public schools (K-12) ¹³ – The ADA permits a student with a disability who uses a service animal to accept the fauna at school.  In addition, the Individuals with Disabilities Teaching Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act allow a pupil to use an animal that does non meet the ADA definition of a service fauna if that student's Individual Education Programme (IEP) or Department 504 team decides the animal is necessary for the educatee to receive a free and appropriate didactics.  Where the ADA applies, notwithstanding, schools should be mindful that the utilize of a service animal is a correct that is not dependent upon the decision of an IEP or Department 504 team.^fourteen

Emotional back up animals, therapy animals, and companion animals are seldom allowed to back-trail students in public schools. Indeed, the ADA does not contemplate the use of animals other than those meeting the definition of "service animal."  Ultimately, the conclusion whether a pupil may utilise an fauna other than a service brute should be made on a case-by-example ground by the IEP or Section 504 team.

Service animals in postsecondary instruction settings – Under the ADA, colleges and universities must let people with disabilities to bring their service animals into all areas of the facility that are open to the public or to students.

Colleges and universities may have a policy asking students who apply service animals to contact the school'due south Inability Services Coordinator to register as a student with a inability. Higher didactics institutions may not require whatever documentation well-nigh the training or certification of a service beast. They may, however, crave proof that a service creature has any vaccinations required by land or local laws that apply to all animals.

eastward) Transportation

A person traveling with a service animal cannot be denied access to transportation, fifty-fifty if there is a "no pets" policy. In addition, the person with a service brute cannot exist forced to sit in a particular spot; no additional fees can be charged because the person uses a service animal; and the client does not take to provide advance observe that s/he volition be traveling with a service fauna.

The laws apply to both public and individual transportation providers and include subways, stock-still-road buses, Paratransit, rail, calorie-free-rail, taxicabs, shuttles and limousine services.

f) Air Travel

At the end of 2020, the U.Southward. Department of Transportation (DOT) appear that it revised its Air Carrier Access Human action regulation on the transportation of service animals past air. We are working to update the information provided below to align with the changes. While we accept the time to update our data, check out a summary of the changes bachelor on DOT'due south website. You tin also detect some additional information in DOT's Aviation Consumer Protection'southward article about service animals.

The Air Carrier Access Deed (ACAA) requires airlines to permit service animals and emotional back up animals to accompany their handlers in the motel of the aircraft.

Service animals – For evidence that an animal is a service animal, air carriers may ask to see identification cards, written documentation, presence of harnesses or tags, or ask for exact assurances from the private with a disability using the animate being. If airline personnel are uncertain that an creature is a service animal, they may ask one of the post-obit:

ane. What tasks or functions does your animal perform for you?

2. What has your animate being been trained to do for you?

3. Would you describe how the animate being performs this job for you? ^xv

Emotional support and psychiatric service animals – Individuals who travel with emotional back up animals or psychiatric service animals may need to provide specific documentation to establish that they have a disability and the reason the animal must travel with them. Individuals who wish to travel with their emotional back up or psychiatric animals should contact the airline ahead of time to find out what kind of documentation is required.

Examples of documentation that may exist requested by the airline: Current documentation (not more than one year sometime) on letterhead from a licensed mental wellness professional stating (ane) the passenger has a mental health-related disability listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV); (2) having the animal accompany the passenger is necessary to the passenger'south mental health or treatment; (3) the private providing the assessment of the rider is a licensed mental health professional and the passenger is under his or her professional intendance; and (four) the date and type of the mental health professional person'due south license and the land or other jurisdiction in which it was issued.¹⁶ This documentation may be required as a condition of permitting the fauna to accompany the rider in the motel.

Other animals – According to the ACAA, airlines are not required otherwise to bear animals of whatsoever kind either in the cabin or in the cargo hold. Airlines are complimentary to prefer any policy they choose regarding the carriage of pets and other animals (for case, search and rescue dogs) provided that they comply with other applicable requirements (for example, the Animal Welfare Act).

Animals such as miniature horses, pigs, and monkeys may be considered service animals. A carrier must make up one's mind on a case-by-example footing according to factors such as the animal's size and weight; land and foreign state restrictions; whether or not the animal would pose a direct threat to the health or rubber of others; or cause a fundamental alteration in the motel service.¹⁷ Individuals should contact the airlines ahead of travel to notice out what is permitted.

Airlines are non required to transport unusual animals such equally snakes, other reptiles, ferrets, rodents, and spiders. Strange carriers are not required to transport animals other than dogs.¹⁸

Vi. Reaction/Response of Others

Allergies and fear of dogs are non valid reasons for denying admission or refusing service to people using service animals.  If employees, swain travelers, or customers are afraid of service animals, a solution may exist to permit enough space for that person to avoid getting close to the service brute.

Most allergies to animals are caused past direct contact with the animate being. A separated space might be adequate to avoid allergic reactions.

If a person is at risk of a significant allergic reaction to an creature, it is the responsibility of the business or government entity to find a style to arrange both the individual using the service animal and the private with the allergy.

Seven. Service Animals in Grooming

a) Air Travel

The Air Carrier Access Deed (ACAA) does non allow "service animals in training" in the cabin of the aircraft because "in training" status indicates that they do not nevertheless meet the legal definition of service animal. Notwithstanding, like pet policies, airline policies regarding service animals in training vary. Some airlines let qualified trainers to bring service animals in training aboard an aircraft for training purposes. Trainers of service animals should consult with airlines and become familiar with their policies.

 b) Employment

In the employment setting, employers may exist obligated to permit employees to bring their "service brute in grooming" into the workplace as a reasonable accommodation, especially if the animal is being trained to assist the employee with piece of work-related tasks. The untrained creature may be excluded, even so, if it becomes a workplace disruption or causes an undue hardship in the workplace.

c) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title Two and III of the ADA does not comprehend "service animals in training" just several states have laws when they should be allowed access.

VIII. Laws & Enforcement

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title Two of the ADA covers state and local authorities facilities, activities, and programs. Title III of the ADA covers places of public accommodations. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Human action covers federal government facilities, activities, and programs. It likewise covers the entities that receive federal funding.

Title II and Title 3 Complaints – These tin can exist filed through private lawsuits in federal court or directed to the U.Southward. Section of Justice.

U.Due south. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, North.West.
Civil Rights Division
Disability Rights Department – NYA
Washington, DC 20530
http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)
800-514-0383 (TTY)

Section 504 Complaints – These must be made to the specific federal agency that oversees the programme or funding.

b) Employment

Title I of the ADA and Section 501 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination in employment. The ADA covers individual employers with 15 or more than employees; Section 501 applies to federal agencies, and Section 504 applies to whatsoever program or entity receiving federal fiscal assistance.

ADA Complaints - A person must file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) within 180 days of an alleged violation of the ADA. This deadline may be extended to 300 days if at that place is a state or local fair employment practices agency that also has jurisdiction over this affair. Complaints may be filed in person, by post, or by telephone by contacting the nearest EEOC office. This number is listed in virtually telephone directories under "U.Southward. Government." For more information:

http://www.eeoc.gov/contact/alphabetize.cfm
800-669-4000 (vocalism)
800-669-6820 (TTY)

Section 501 Complaints - Federal employees must contact their agency's Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) officeholder within 45 days of an alleged Section 501 violation.

Section 504 Complaints – These must exist filed with the federal bureau that funded the employer.

c) Housing

The Off-white Housing Act (FHA), as amended in 1988, applies to housing. Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Human action of 1973 prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in all housing programs and activities that are either conducted by the federal regime or receive federal financial assistance. Title Two of the ADA applies to housing provided by land or local government entities.

Complaints – Housing complaints may be filed with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Function of Off-white Housing and Equal Opportunity.

http://www.hud.gov/fairhousing

800-669-9777 (voice)

800-927-9275 (TTY)

d) Education

Students with disabilities in public schools (G-12) are covered by Individuals with Disabilities Educational activity Deed (Thought), Title II of the ADA, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Students with disabilities in public postsecondary educational activity are covered past Title II and Section 504.  Title Three of the ADA applies to private schools (K-12 and post-secondary) that are not operated by religious entities. Private schools that receive federal funding are also covered by Section 504.

IDEA Complaints - Parents tin can request a due process hearing and a review from the land educational agency if applicative in that state. They too can entreatment the state bureau'due south decision to state or federal court. You may contact the Office of Special Didactics and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) for farther information or to provide your ain thoughts and ideas on how they may better serve individuals with disabilities, their families and their communities.

For more than information contact:

Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

U.S. Department of Education

400 Maryland Artery, South.Westward.

Washington, DC 20202-7100

202-245-7468 (voice)

Title Two of the ADA and Department 504 Complaints - The Function for Ceremonious Rights (OCR) in the Department of Teaching enforces Title II of the ADA and Department 504 every bit they apply to instruction. Those who have had access denied due to a service animal may file a complaint with OCR or file a private lawsuit in federal court. An OCR complaint must be filed inside 180 calendar days of the date of the alleged discrimination, unless the time for filing is extended for good crusade. Before filing an OCR complaint against an institution, an individual may want to find out about the institution'due south grievance process and use that process to take the complaint resolved. However, an individual is not required by law to use the institutional grievance procedure before filing a complaint with OCR. If someone uses an institutional grievance process and and then chooses to file the complaint with OCR, the complaint must be filed with OCR inside 60 days after the last human action of the institutional grievance process.

For more information contact:

U.South. Section of Education

Role for Civil Rights

400 Maryland Avenue, S.W.

Washington, DC 20202-1100

Customer Service: 800-421-3481 (voice)

800-877-8339 (TTY)

E-mail: OCR@ed.gov

http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/howto.html

Title Iii Complaints – These may exist filed with the Department of Justice.

U.S. Section of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.

Ceremonious Rights Division

Disability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov/

800-514-0301 (five)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

due east) Transportation

Title II of the ADA applies to public transportation while Title III of the ADA applies to transportation provided past private entities. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act applies to federal entities and recipients of federal funding that provide transportation.

Title Ii and Section 504 Complaints – These may be filed with the Federal Transit Administration'southward Part of Civil Rights. For more data, contact:

Director, FTA Office of Civil Rights

Due east Building – 5th Floor, TCR

1200 New Jersey Ave., South.Eastward.

Washington, DC 20590
FTA ADA Assistance Line: 888-446-4511 (Voice)
800-877-8339 (Federal Data Relay Service)
http://www.fta.dot.gov/civil_rights.html
http://www.fta.dot.gov/12874_3889.html (Complaint Form)

Title 3 Complaints – These may be filed with the Department of Justice.

U.S. Department of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Artery, N.Due west.

Civil Rights Division

Inability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

Note: A person does not take to file a complaint with the respective federal agency earlier filing a lawsuit in federal courtroom.

f) Air Transportation

The Air Carrier Admission Act (ACAA) covers airlines. Its regulations analyze what animals are considered service animals and explicate how each type of animal should exist treated.

ACAA complaints may exist submitted to the Section of Transportation's Aviation Consumer Protection Division. Air travelers who experience disability-related air travel service problems may phone call the hotline at 800-778-4838 (vocalism) or 800- 455-9880 (TTY) to obtain assistance. Air travelers who would similar the Section of Transportation (DOT) to investigate a complaint well-nigh a disability outcome must submit their complaint in writing or via east-mail to:

Aviation Consumer Protection Partition
Attn: C-75-D
U.S. Department of Transportation
1200 New Bailiwick of jersey Ave, Southward.E.
Washington, DC 20590

For boosted information and questions about your rights under whatsoever of these laws, contact your regional ADA heart at 800-949-4232 (phonation/TTY).

Acknowledgements

The contents of this booklet were developed past the Southwest ADA Center under a grant (#H133A110027) from the Department of Instruction's National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). Withal, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Section of Education and you should not assume endorsement past the Federal Government.

Southwest ADA Center at ILRU
TIRR Memorial Hermann Research Eye
1333 Moursund St.
Houston, Texas 77030
713.520.0232 (voice/TTY)
800.949.4232 (voice/TTY)
http://www.southwestada.org

The Southwest ADA Center is a program of ILRU (Contained Living Research Utilization) at TIRR Memorial Hermann.  The Southwest ADA Middle is part of a national network of ten regional ADA Centers that provide up-to-date information, referrals, resources, and training on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The centers serve a variety of audiences, including businesses, employers, government entities, and individuals with disabilities. Call one-800-949-4232 v/tty to reach the center that serves your region or visit http://www.adata.org.

This book is printed courtesy of the ADA National Network. The Southwest ADA Center would like to give thanks Jacquie Brennan (author), Ramin Taheri, Richard Petty, Kathy Gips, Sally Weiss, Wendy Strobel Gower, Erin Marie Sember-Hunt, Marian Vessels, and the ADA Knowledge Translation Center at the University of Washington for their contributions to this booklet.

© Southwest ADA Heart 2014. All rights reserved

Chief Investigator: Lex Frieden
Project Manager: Vinh Nguyen
Publication staff: Maria DelBosque, Marisa Demaya, and George Powers

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[i] http://www.seeingeye.org

[2] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(iv); 28 C.F.,R. § 35.136(d).

[3] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(two); 28 C.F.,R. §35.136(b)(2).

[4] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(6).

[5] Meet 28 C.F.R. Pt. 35, App. A; Sak 5. Aurelia, Metropolis of,  C eleven-4111-MWB (Due north.D. Iowa December. 28, 2011)

[6] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(8).

[7] 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630 App. The EEOC, in the Interpretive Guidance accompanying the regulations, stated that guide dogs may exist an adaptation..."For example, it would be a reasonable adaptation for an employer to permit an individual who is blind to use a guide dog at piece of work, even though the employer would not be required to provide a guide dog for the employee."

[eight] 42 U.South.C. § 3604(f)(3)(B).

[9] Fair Housing of the Dakotas, Inc. v. Goldmark Prop. Mgmt., Inc., 3:09-cv-58 (D.North.D. Mar. 30, 2011): "… the FHA encompasses all types of assistance animals regardless of grooming, including those that better a physical disability and those that ameliorate a mental inability."

[10] See Bronk v. Ineichen, 54 F.3d 425, 428-429 (seventh Cir. 1995); HUD v. Purkett, FH-FL 19372 (HUDALJ July 31, 1990) Green v. Housing Dominance of Clackamas County, 994 F.Supp. 1253 (D. Ore. 1998).

[11] Hawn five. Shoreline Towers Phase 1 Condominium Association, Inc., 347 Fed. Appx. 464 (11th Cir. 2009).

[12] See "Pet Ownership for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities", 73 Federal Register 208 (27 October 2008), pp. 63834-63838; The states. (2004). Reasonable Accommodations under the Off-white Housing Act: Articulation Statement of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and Section of Justice. Washington, D.C: U.Southward. Section of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Department of Justice [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 03/06/2014 from http://world wide web.justice.gov/crt/nearly/hce/jointstatement_ra.php.

[13] Individual schools that are not operated by religious entities are considered public accommodations. Please refer to Section Five(a).

[xiv] Sullivan five. Vallejo City Unified Sch. Dist., 731 F. Supp. 947 (East.D. Cal. 1990).

[fifteen] "Guidance Apropos Service Animals in Air Transportation", 68 Federal Annals ninety (9 May 2003), p. 24875.

[16] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(due east).

[17] xiv C.F.R. § 382.117(f).

[18] Id.

Source: https://adata.org/guide/service-animals-and-emotional-support-animals

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